Which part of the grapevine is typically removed during pruning?

The correct choice pertains to the practice of removing canes and spurs that are unproductive during grapevine pruning. This action is essential because canes and spurs are the parts of the vine that will produce fruit in the coming season. By focusing on the removal of those that are unproductive, growers can promote healthy growth in the remaining productive canes, ensuring better air circulation, light penetration, and nutrient allocation throughout the vine. Pruning in this manner maximizes the overall efficiency of the grapevine, encourages vigorous growth, and ultimately results in a better yield of high-quality grapes.

In contrast, removing roots and stems, fruits and flowers, or new shoots and buds could adversely affect the vine's overall health and productivity. Each of these components plays a crucial role in the vine's life cycle and growth process. Therefore, focusing on unproductive canes and spurs aligns with the goals of effective vineyard management and crop optimization.