What should pruners watch for to protect against vine diseases?

Identifying signs of fungal infections or pest infestations is crucial for protecting Tokay vines against diseases. These signs often manifest as unusual spots, discoloration, or wilting on the leaves, as well as visible pests on the plant. Early detection of these issues allows for timely intervention, such as applying fungicides or implementing integrated pest management strategies, which can significantly reduce the risk of disease spread and ensure healthier vines.

While the other options may provide indirect insights into vine health, they do not specifically address the urgent need to recognize and manage disease threats. Poor growth can be a symptom of various problems, but it does not pinpoint pathogens or pests. Changes in leaf color could be indicative of stress but might not directly relate to a disease. Decreased fruit size may signal various issues, but it is often a consequence rather than a direct indicator of potential vine diseases. Focusing on visible signs of infections or infestations provides a proactive approach to vineyard management, helping ensure the overall health and productivity of the Tokay grapes.