What is the process through which pruning wounds are healed?

The correct answer is callusing. When grapevines are pruned, the wounds created at the cut sites are subject to healing processes. Callusing refers to the formation of new tissues that develop over the wounds as a plant responds to injury. This is an essential part of the plant's defense mechanism, as it helps to seal the wound and prevent infection or pathogen entry.

The callusing process involves the formation of callus tissue, which consists of undifferentiated cells that can grow and eventually differentiate into new plant tissues. This is particularly important for maintaining the overall health and vigor of the vine after pruning, ensuring that it can continue to grow and produce fruit effectively.

Understanding callusing is crucial for anyone involved in vine management because it highlights the importance of making clean cuts during pruning to facilitate efficient healing and minimize the risk of disease.