What is the main characteristic of cordon pruning?

Cordon pruning is primarily characterized by having a much elongated trunk with arms that extend horizontally along the trellis. This technique primarily aims to create a framework on which the vine can grow, allowing for efficient sunlight exposure and air circulation, which are crucial for grape development. The arms, often referred to as cordons, are positioned at a specific height to promote optimal growth and fruit production.

A short trunk with no arms is not characteristic of cordon pruning, as this description does not reflect the typical structural elements associated with proper vine training in this method. Similarly, while a trunk that is nearly horizontal describes a different pruning style, it does not convey the elongated trunk that is essential to cordon setups. Lastly, burying the trunk in the soil contradicts the principles of cordon pruning, which require the trunk and arms to be exposed to effectively manage growth and fruiting. Thus, the unique elongation of the trunk with lateral arms is what distinctly defines cordon pruning.