What is meant by "subsequent pruning" in grapevine management?

"Subsequent pruning" refers to the ongoing pruning practices applied in the years following the initial pruning of grapevines. This process is crucial for maintaining the vine's structure, productivity, and overall health. It involves evaluating the previous season's growth, assessing the vine's development, and then making cuts that will promote better air circulation, light penetration, and fruit quality in future seasons.

Through subsequent pruning, growers can manage the number of fruiting buds, control vine size, and encourage balanced growth. This practice helps to optimize future yields while ensuring that the vine remains healthy and vigorous over time. Regular pruning is essential because grapevines can become overgrown or unbalanced, leading to potential issues like disease or reduced fruit quality if not managed correctly.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the idea of ongoing vine management. Pruning done only once at the beginning does not account for the evolving needs of the plant. Pruning following a significant harvest focuses on a specific event rather than a continuous practice, and pruning that enhances leaf color is unrelated to the primary goal of maintaining vine health and productivity.