How does proper pruning increase Tokay grapevine resilience to diseases?

Proper pruning significantly enhances the resilience of Tokay grapevines to diseases primarily by reducing overcrowding and encouraging airflow. When grapevines are pruned effectively, it helps maintain an open canopy, which allows for better circulation of air among the leaves and clusters of grapes. Improved airflow is crucial because it reduces humidity levels around the foliage, thus lowering the risk of fungal infections and other moisture-related diseases that thrive in damp, crowded conditions.

Additionally, proper pruning removes excess or non-productive wood, which can trap moisture and create a habitat conducive to pests and pathogens. By keeping the vine well-spaced and properly shaped, the plant can also allocate its resources more efficiently, enhancing its overall health and vigor. This proactive management through pruning directly contributes to the plant's ability to resist disease over time.